Comentario: Apocalipsis en griego significa "revelación", también es el título de un libro de la Biblia, que habla del fin del mundo. Estas revelaciones, han influido en hechos tan importantes como Las Cruzadas, La Reforma Protestante y la Colonización de América. En la actualidad las armas atómicas, la globalización y puntos en conflicto que parecen no tener arreglo hacen que esta idea pueda no estar tan lejana... ¿Cuándo será el momento de mi muerte? ¿cómo será? ¿quién participará de mi entierro?, ¿Cuándo vendrá el fin del mundo? ¿de qué forma sucederá?. Todas estas inquietudes aquejan al hombre tanto en la esfera personal como social y no se han apartado de él a lo largo de toda su historia, causándole -en ciertos casos angustia, pánico y ansiedad. Parece ser que hoy -a poco de haber cruzado un nuevo milenio- vuelven a resonar estos cuestionamientos y hay una búsqueda ansiosa por encontrar respuestas, ya que éstas permiten cierta calma y tranquilidad existencial. En esta empresa de saber "el cómo y el cuándo" se acabará el mundo, algunos creen haber encontrado respuestas lo suficientemente sólidas en los textos bíblicos, especialmente en el libro del Apocalipsis, del cual se han hecho películas, novelas, han surgido sectas pseudocristianas basadas en su doctrina, etc, mostrándolo como un tesoro de revelaciones sobre el fin del mundo. Cabe entonces plantearnos la pregunta ¿es este libro bíblico el depositario de aquellos misterios sobre el fin del mundo que tanto aterran al hombre?.
Comentario: Jerusalén, capital del actual Israel, es un lugar sagrado para las tres grandes religiones: cristiana, judía y musulmana. Y como lugar de peregrinaje no tiene rival. La ciudad antigua y la Colina del Templo atrae a visitantes de todo el mundo. Fue aquí donde el templo de Salomón custodió el Arca de la Alianza hasta su desaparición en el año 586 a.C. El templo que podemos ver en la actualidad esconde muchos secretos perdidos, enigmas que la arqueología de todos los tiempos ha intentado desvelar, incluido el paradero del Arca perdida. Una búsqueda incansable y uno de los misterios más fascinantes del mundo antiguo.
Misterios Monumentales - La Esfinge - Armagedom y Historia Bíblica (1 de 4)
Comentario: Nuevas y controvertidas ideas desafían las creencias básicas de la historia bíblica y del mundo antiguo, la Esfinge de Egipto, el Templo del Rey Salomón, la ciudad de Jerusalén y sus túneles ocultos, y una colina en ruinas llamada Argamedom. ¿Qué esconden estos misterios monumentales? En la búsqueda incesante de respuestas que nos hagan comprender los enigmas de la Humanidad, se utilizan herramientas de la ciencia moderna para iluminar los límites de la experiencia humana y convencer. ¿Cuán en serio se debe tomar el mundo de las ciencias sobrenaturales? ¿Cuánto hay de superstición? Y ¿cuánto de engaño? ¿Se aprovechan los oportunistas de los inocentes? Reconstrucciones dramáticas son combinadas con expertas entrevistas y testimonios personales para explorar los fenómenos que desafían a lo racional.
Gnosis El Evangelio de Tomas ¡Contémplate a TI MISMO y Llegaras a Dios!
Comentario: El Evangelio de Tomás ?también llamado Evangelio copto de Tomás o Evangelio gnóstico de Tomás? es un evangelio apócrifo que contiene 114 dichos atribuidos a Jesús de Nazaret. Se ha conservado en un papiro manuscrito en copto, descubierto en 1945 en la localidad egipcia de Nag Hammadi. Existen dudas acerca de su fecha de composición. Algunos de los dichos de este evangelio se asemejan a los de los evangelios canónicos de Marcos, Mateo, Lucas y Juan; otros eran desconocidos hasta su descubrimiento. A diferencia de los evangelios canónicos, el de Tomás no adopta la estructura de un relato acerca de la vida de Jesús, sino que contiene sólo dichos (en griego logia) de Jesús enmarcados en las conversaciones que mantiene con varios de sus discípulos. La autoría de la obra es atribuida en un breve prólogo a Dídimo Judas Tomás («dídimo» significa mellizo. Medio siglo antes del descubrimiento de Nag Hammadi, en Oxyrhynchus, una antigua ciudad egipcia, se descubrieron unos fragmentos de papiro escritos en griego, que correspondían a un evangelio apócrifo atribuido al Apóstol Tomás. La paleografía fechó la redacción de los mismos hacia el año 200 al 250 d.C. y desde entonces, se creyó que una vez existió un quinto libro análogo a los canónicos, en donde se registraban las enseñanzas de Jesús. Una de estas páginas se encuentra el Museo Británico, el Londres. Sin embargo, no se le dio mayor importancia al tema, hasta el descubrimiento de la versión copta (que ofreció el texto completo). A los fragmentos griegos se los conoce como "Papiros de Oxyrhynchus" y al texto copto, "Codex II de Nag Hammadi" respectivamente. Ya Clemente de Alejandría cita al Ev. Tomás, sin nombrar l
Evangelio de María Magdalena 2 de 3 Evangelio gnóstico Discovery Channel
Evangelio de María Magdalena 3 de 3 Evangelio gnóstico Discovery Channel
Comentario: Se denomina evangelio de María Magdalena a un evangelio apócrifo gnóstico, posiblemente del siglo II, del que han llegado hasta nuestros días sólo algunos fragmentos. El evangelio propiamente dicho Los textos de María Magdalena que han perdurado en el tiempo, hablan, precisamente, de un Jesús más relacionado con ella. Las revelaciones de Jesús hacia su merced, quizás ofuscaron a los demás apóstoles, al grado de marginarla. La mujer más influyente de la religión católica, después de la virgen María, fue quizás víctima de los celos entre los discípulos. El evangelio dice que tuvo un lugar preponderante de la vida del Mesías, y que, además, le reveló secretos íntimos que, en un acto de confidencialidad, hirió a los demás. La figura de María Magdalena está bañada de confusiones respecto de su participación en la historia. Justo es el caso de que las diferencias entre los evangelios canónicos y apócrifos, disparan una brecha de sombra entre la verdad y los sucesos reales. De este evangelio se conservan sólo tres fragmentos: dos, muy breves, en griego, en manuscritos del siglo III (papiro Rylands 463 y papiro Oxyrhynchus 3525); y otro, más extenso, en copto (Berolinensis Gnosticus 8052,1), probable traducción del original griego. El texto copto fue hallado en 1896 por C. Schmidt, aunque no se publicó hasta 1955. Los fragmentos en griego fueron publicados, respectivamente, en 1938 y en 1983. En ninguno de los fragmentos hay mención alguna del autor de este evangelio. El nombre que tradicionalmente recibe, evangelio de María Magdalena, se debe a que se cita en el texto a una discípula de Jesús llamada María, que la mayoría de los especialistas identifican con la María Magdalena
Comentario: Los manuscritos de Nag Hamadi aclaran muchas cosas sobre Maria, y el evangelio hallado muy cerca de alli y llamado de Maria magdalena presenta en un mejor modo a maria y su importancia en los inicios del cristianismo. Ella es el discipulo amado y ella es la que me transmitio el mensaje de Dios a los hombres.
Comentario: Mas información sobre maria y mas hipotesis, aqui vuelven otra vez a la falsedad de Jesús casado con ella y con hijos, pero el documental contiene datos interesantes
EL LIBRO PERDIDO DE NOSTRADAMUS ENCONTRADO EN LA BIBLIOTECA PUBLICA DE ROMA PREDICE CUANDO Y COMO LLEGARA EL FIN DEL MUNDO.........TOMADO DEL CANAL HISTORY CHANNEL
Asombrosamente, los Evangelios apenas ofrecen referencias a la vida de Jesús anterior a su madurez. La mayoría de datos sobre ese período emergen de los llamados evangelios apócrifos y generan informaciones muy variadas: ¿pudo Jesús haber viajado a la India donde recibiría las enseñanzas de Buda? ? El documental Los años perdidos de Jesús arroja luz sobre uno de los misterios más impenetrables de la historia de la Humanidad. este y mas documentales estan a tu disposicion. benodf@hotmail.com
JESUS Jesús no vino del mundo de «los cielos». Vino del propio fondo de las almas; de donde anida el yo: de las regiones internas del Espíritu. ¿Por qué buscarle encima de las nubes? Las nubes no son el trono de los dioses. ¿Por qué buscarle en los candentes astros? Llamas son como el sol que nos alumbra, orbes, de gases inflamados... Llamas nomás. ¿Por qué buscarle en los planetas? Globos son como el nuestro, iluminados por una estrella en cuyo torno giran. Jesús vino de donde vienen los pensamientos más profundos y el más remoto instinto. No descendió: emergió del océano sin fin del subconsciente; volvió a él, y ahí está, sereno y puro. Era y es un eón. El que se adentra osado en el abismo sin playas de sí mismo, con la luz del amor, ese le encuentra. Amado Nervo
Explicacion sobre la oracion PADRE NUESTRO desde un punto de vista psicologico y esoterico del maestro Martin Aparicio, este y mas de 500 programas de temas diversos estan a tu disposicion, escribe al email que aparese en el video y te envio una lista de material y la mecanica para conseguir este precioso material, estoy en la Cd de Mexico, envios a cualquier parte de mundo.
LA SABANA SANTA, ES LA VERDADERA IMAGEN DE JESUS? DESCUBRE LAS PRUEBAS QUE SE LE REALIZARON CON UN EQUIPO DE LA NASA. Siguenos en facebook,debates,polemica,no hay censura todas las preguntas se responden: http://www.facebook.com/Videointeligencia
Los Manuscritos del Mar Muerto o Rollos de Qumrán (llamados así por hallarse los primeros rollos en una gruta situada en Qumrán, a orillas del mar Muerto) son una colección de casi 800 escritos de origen judío, escritos en hebreo y arameo por integrantes de la secta judía de los esenios, y encontrados en once grutas en los escarpados alrededores del mar Muerto.
1/5 ¿Tuvo Jesús descendencia? Según algunos autores, Jesús desposó a María Magdalena, con la que tuvo una hija en Francia país al que ella había huido tras la muerte de Jesús; su estirpe se perpetuó en el tiempo y, con el transcurso de los siglos, dio paso a una raza especial de reyes: los Merovingios, los primeros reyes francos. La historia nos dice de ellos que tenían el don de la visión y el de la curación, entre otros poderes sobrenaturales y no falta quien asegura que fueron auténticos magos. También aparece una sociedad secreta, una orden especial: el Priorato de Sion, los celadores del secreto y, con ellos, la Orden de los Templarios, personas que durante siglos se encargaron de mantener segura la herencia de Jesús, la sangre real, en definitiva, la sangre azul. Pero ¿qué hay de cierto en todo ello? Este documental lo desvela.
LA REAL MARIA DE MAGDALA? (En Español) (en 5 Partes)
María Magdalena (en hebreo: המגדלית מרים; en griego antiguo: Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνή) es mencionada, tanto en el Nuevo Testamento canónico como en varios evangelios apócrifos, como una distinguida discípula de Jesús de Nazaret. Es considerada santa por la Iglesia Católica Romana, la Iglesia Ortodoxa y la Comunión Anglicana, que celebran su festividad el 22 de julio. (wikipedia)
QUIEN FUE EN REALIDAD MARIA MAGDALENA? LA MUJER PECADORA QUE SEGUN LA BIBLIA, LAVO CON SUS LAGRIMAS LOS PIES DEL MESIAS? LA COMPAÑERA SENTIMENTAL DE JESUS? EL DOCUMENTAL DESVELA PRUEBAS OCULTADAS A LA HISTORIA QUE ARROJAN UNA LUZ COMPLETAMENTE DIFERENTE SOBRE MARIA DE MAGDALA, Y LA PRESENTA EN UN PAPEL ABSOLUTAMENTE NUEVO. POR SUPUESTO NADIE SABRA EN REALIDAD QUE SIGNIFICADOS OCULTOS TIENE MARIA DE MAGDALA...
La historia del Arca de Noé, según los capítulos 6 al 9 del libro del Génesis, comienza con que al observar Yahvé el comportamiento malvado del hombre, le pesó haberlo creado y se indignó en su corazón. Decide inundar la tierra y destruir todo tipo de ser viviente. Sin embargo, encontró a un buen hombre que halló gracia ante sus ojos, Noé "un hombre justo y cabal entre la gente de su tiempo", y decidió que a él le correspondería mantener el linaje de los hombres. Yaveh dijo a Noé que construyera un arca, y que llevara con él a su esposa, a sus hijos Sem, Cam y Jafet, y las esposas de éstos. Adicionalmente, tenía que llevar de todos los animales, de los puros debía tomar siete parejas y de los impuros una pareja (un macho y una hembra), y para suministrarles alimentos, le dijo que tomara y almacenara la comida necesaria. Cuando Noé completó el Arca, él y su familia y los animales entraron, "aquel día fueron rotas todas las fuentes, y las cataratas del cielo se abrieron, y hubo lluvia sobre la tierra cuarenta días y cuarenta noches". El diluvio cubrió hasta las montañas más altas a una profundidad de 22.1457 pies (15 codos "Medida Biblica" Gn. 7:20) y todas las criaturas de la Tierra murieron; sólo Noé y los que estaban con él en el Arca sobrevivieron
A History of Hebrew Part 1: The purpose of a translation
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content.
---------------------------
Historically, the purpose of a translation was to bring the Bible to those who did not read the original language. Over the centuries there has been a shift in purpose. In December of 2006 "The New Yorker" published article "The Good Book Business" which stated; "The familiar observation that the Bible is the best-selling book of all time obscures a more startling fact: the Bible is the best-selling book of the year, every year." "This is an intensely competitive business" "Every year, Nelson Bible executives analyze their product line for shortcomings, scrutinize the competition's offerings, and talk with consumers, retailers, and pastors about their needs." In short, The translating and printing of Bibles is "Big Business." In the world of consumerism, it is the producers primary objective to offer a product that appeals to the consumer. For this reason a translation is required to conform to the buyers expectations. If a Bible is published that does not conform to the buyers expectations, even if it is more accurate, it will not sell. For this reason, we must be willing to do our own investigations into the meaning and interpretation of the text.
---------------------------
Credits Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Music: Callen Clark, Jason Emory News Footoage: CNBC
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content.
---------------------------
Many theological discussions, teachings and debates use phrases like "The Bible says," or "God says." From a technical point of view, the problem with these statements is that it assumes the Bible was written in English, which of course we all know is not true. The Bible does not say "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." The more accurate statement would be, "The Bible says, 'bereshiyt bara elohiym et hashamayim v'et ha'arets,' which is often translated and interpreted as 'In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.'" (use paleo script for the Hebrew). While this may sound trivial, it is in fact a very important issue as many theological differences, divisions and arguments are based on faulty interpretations of the text that could easily be resolved by examining the original language. Once the Hebrew text is recognized, its meanings and interpretations can then be discussed properly. As an example, the Hebrew word reshiyt, often translated as "beginning" in Genesis 1:1, can be used for the beginning of an event, but it can also be used for the "best" of something such as we see in Numbers 18:12 - "All the fat of the oil and all the fat of the wine and wheat, the "best" of them which they will give to Yahweh for a gift. Also, the Hebrew word bara does not mean "create," in fact, you can see this same word being translated more accurately in 1 Samuel 2:29 where the KJV reads, "making yourselves fat." The Hebrew word translated as "fat" here is the very same Hebrew word translated as "create" in Gen 1:1. Rather then attempting an interpretation from the English, one should at the least be attempting to understand the text from its Hebraic origin. Through the use of an English Bible and a Concordance, the student is able to find the Hebrew word used in the text that lies behind the English. When using this tool, it quickly becomes evident that the English translators of the text were not very consistent in how they translated Hebrew words. While it is true that one English word can not translate one Hebrew word perfectly and some translational liberties are necessary, this should only be done out of necessity and the change should be noted in a footnote to aid the student with proper understanding and interpretation.
---------------------------
Credits Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Music: Callen Clark, Jason Emory
A History of Hebrew Part 3: The inadequacy of a translation
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content.
----------------------------
The English vocabulary and its definitions are very inadequate in conveying the meanings of Hebrew words. PPT-Teach In the following passages, from the KJV, we find the word "teach," an English word meaning "to impart knowledge or skill; to give instruction." Exo 18:20 And thou shalt teach them ordinances and laws, and shalt shew them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do. Exo 24:12 And the LORD said unto Moses, Come up to me into the mount, and be there: and I will give thee tables of stone, and a law, and commandments which I have written; that thou mayest teach them. Deu 4:1 Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which the LORD God of your fathers giveth you. Deu 4:9 Only take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things which thine eyes have seen, and lest they depart from thy heart all the days of thy life: but teach them thy sons, and thy sons' sons; Deu 6:7 And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up. Job 33:33 If not, hearken unto me: hold thy peace, and I shall teach thee wisdom. Each use of the word "teach" in these six passages is the English translation of six different Hebrew words, each with its own unique meaning. Exo 24:12, yarah - To point out the direction to go Exo 18:20, zahar - To advice caution Deu 4:1, lamad - To urge to go in a specific direction Deut 4:9, yada (cuasative?) - To provide experience Deu 6:7, shanan - To sharpen Job 33:33, alaph - To show through example The original meaning of these six Hebrew words are completely erased and lost when they are simply translated as "teach," demonstrating the need of going beyond the simple translations.
----------------------------
Credits Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Music: Callen Clark Photos: Scarlight
A History of Hebrew Part 4: Old Hebrew and Samaritan
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content.
--------------------
The mention of the Hebrew alphabet brings to mind the Hebrew letters that are familiar to many today that are used in Torah scrolls, Hebrew Bibles and even in modern Hebrew Books and Newspapers. However, history suggests that these Hebrew letters are not the same Hebrew letters used in antiquity. In 1854, Thomas Hartwell wrote; "The present Hebrew Characters, or Letters, are twenty two in number, and of a square form: but the antiquity of these letters is a point that has been most severely contested by many learned men." Hartwell continues, "But the most decisive confirmation of this point is to be found in ancient Hebrew coins, which were struck before the [Babylonian] captivity, and even engraven on all of them are manifestly the same with the modern Samaritan" --Thomas Hartwell, An introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, Pub. 1854, Page 190 The Samaritans are, according to themselves, the descendents of the Northern Tribes of Israel that were not sent into Assyrian captivity, and have continuously resided in the land of Israel. The Torah Scroll of the Samaritans use an alphabet that is very different from the one used on Jewish Torah Scrolls. According to the Samaritans themselves and Hebrew scholars, this alphabet is the original "Old Hebrew" alphabet. Even as far back as 1691, this connection between the Samaritan and the "Old" Hebrew alphabets was made by Henry Dodwell, "[the Samaritans] still preserve [the Pentateuch] in the Old Hebrew character" Henry Dodwell, A Discourse Concerning Sanchoniathon's Phoenician History, Pub. 1691, Page 118 Humphrey Prideaux also writes in 1799, "And these five books [of the Samaritans] still have among them, written in the old Hebrew or Phoenician character, which was in use among them before the Babylonish captivity, and in which both these and all other scriptures were written, till Ezra transcribed them into that of the Chaldeans." --Humphrey Prideaux, The Old and New Testament connected in the history of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations, Pub. 1799, Page 431 According to Prideaux, the Hebrew Torah (Pentateuch) was originally written with an alphabet similar to that of the Samaritans, but after the Exile in Babylon it was transcribed with the Chaldean square alphabet which is still used today in modern Hebrew.
-------------------------
Credits Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Footage: Matt Beynon Rees http://www.mattbeynonrees.com
A History of Hebrew Part 5: Old Hebrew and Phoenician
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content. ---------------------- While Prideaux noted that the Old Hebrew alphabet was the same as the Samaritan alphabet, he also pointed out that it is identical to the Phoenician alphabet. When we compare the letters of these three alphabets, we can see this similarity. The 1831 edition of the Encyclopedia Americana also makes this connection between the Phoenician, Samaritan and Hebrew alphabets. "[the Hebrews] written characters were the same as the Phoenician, to which the letters of the Samaritan manuscripts approach the nearest." --Encyclopedia Americana, Hebrew Language and Literature, Pub. 1831, Page 212 The Phonecians were a Canaanite people who lived north of the land of Israel centered around the Biblical cities of Sidon and Tyre, in modern day Lebanon, between the 16th and 3rd Century BC. These three peoples, the Phoenicians, Samaritans and Hebrews, are Shemites, descendents of Noah's son Shem. Not only do they all share the same ethnic heritage but, they all share the same alphabet. It was also evident that they all shared the same language as the "Foreign Quarterly Review" wrote in its 1838 publication; "The learned world had almost universally allowed that the Phoenician language was, with few exceptions, identical with the Hebrew" --The Foreign quarterly review, Phoenician Inscriptions, Pub. 1838, Page 446 While the origins of the Old Hebrew alphabet was widely accepted, this theory was based on a limited amount of evidence as the "Foreign quarterly review" points out; "What is left [of Phoenician] consists of a few inscriptions and coins" --The Foreign quarterly review, Phoenician Inscriptions, Pub. 1838, page 445 However, In the latter half of the 19th century and into the 21st century, many new discoveries were made that would cement this theory in place. ---------------- Credits Narrator: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Footooge: Nova Photos: Elie Plus
The first major discovery connecting the Phoenician alphabet and language with Hebrew occurred on January 19th, 1855, when Turkish laborers accidently uncovered an ancient sarcophagus in Sidon, a Phoenician city. On this sarcophagus was a lengthy inscription written in the Phoenician alphabet and language, which was found to be identical to Hebrew with only a few exceptions. The Meshe stele, also called the Moabite Stone was discovered in 1868 in the Biblical city of Dibon, the capital of the Moabites. The inscription was written with the same letters as the Phoenician, old Hebrew and Samaritan and it was discovered that Moabite language was also the same as Hebrew with some minor variations. The Siloam Inscription, discovered in 1880, is written on the wall of Hezekiah's tunnel, which connects Gihon spring to the Pool of Siloam in East Jerusalem. This Hebrew inscription was written in the same style as the Phoenician and Moabite inscriptions. During the excavation of the city of Gezer, 30 miles from Jerusalem, a limestone tablet was discovered in 1908 with a Hebrew inscription written in the old Hebrew alphabet. In 1935 eighteen ostraca (broken pottery fragments) were discovered in the ancient city of Lachish with Hebrew writing in the old Hebrew alphabet. In 1966 an inscription was discovered in Amman Jordan with an Ammonite inscription whose alphabet and language was also similar to Phoenician and Hebrew. The Tel-Dan Stele, discovered in northern Israel in 1993, is an Aramaic inscription using the same old Hebrew script. This inscription includes the phrase beyt david meaning "house of david." In 2005 archeologists uncovered another Hebrew inscription at Tel-Zayit that turned out to be an abecedery, the entire alphabet written out in its correct order. As recently as October of 2008 another inscription in Hebrew was found which included such words as judge, slave and king and is to date one of the oldest Hebrew inscriptions ever found. -------------------------- Credits Narrator: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Music: Callen Clark Footage: Nova (Bible's Buried Secrets), National Geographic (Lost Kings of the Bible), Infolivetv Photos: Pieter Kuiper, Daniel Wong
A History of Hebrew Part 7: Old Hebrew to Greek and Aramaic
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content. -------------------------- The old-Hebrew alphabet , also called paleo-Hebrew, was adopted by the Greeks around the 12th century BC. While Hebrew is written from right to left, Greek was written from left to right. For this reason, the letters were reversed in the Greek alphabet. Over the centuries, these ancient Greek letters evolved into their modern Greek forms. Our English alphabet is Roman, and because the Romans adopted the Greek alphabet, we are able to see our own modern English alphabet in these ancient Hebrew turned Greek letters, the A, B, C, D and E. As previously mentioned, the old Hebrew alphabet was used by all Semitic peoples including the Arameans (also called the Chaldeans), but evolved independently from the Hebrew. By the 5th century BC, the time of the Israelites captivity in Aramea (also called Babylon), it longer resembled the old Hebrew it came from and it is this Aramaic "square" script that Israel adopted during their captivity. With the Aramaic alphabet in use by the Israelites, it continued to evolve into the modern Hebrew letters we are familiar with today. By the end of the 19th century, the translation of the Semitic alphabet was well established. The only mystery was the origin of this alphabet as mentioned in the 1922 "New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research" in its entry for the letter A. "A, the initial letter of the English and almost all other alphabets The Phoenicians called the letter "aleph" seemingly because of the resemblance of the character to the head of an ox. Although nothing is known with any degree of certainty concerning the ultimate origin of this letter." --The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research, Pub. 1922, Page 1 What the editors of the "New Larned History" did not know, was that this mystery was solved just a few years earlier. ------------------- Credits Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Music: Callen Clark Photos: Henri Sivonen
A History of Hebrew Part 8: The Proto-Semitic Alphabet
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content. -------------------------- In 1905, a new discovery changed the world's perception of the origins of this Semitic alphabet. Flinders Petrie, a renowned Egyptologist and pioneer in modern archeology, discovered inscriptions of previously unknown symbols at Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai Peninsula. Dr. Alan H. Gardiner, Another renowned Egyptologist, studied these inscriptions in detail. He discovered that these Sinaitic inscriptions consisted of a total of thirty-two symbols. Because of the limited number of symbols Dr. Gardiner determined that this was an alphabet. Gardiner was then able to easily identify this Sinaitic alphabet as Semitic because of the pictographic nature of this alphabet. The name of each Hebrew letter is a Hebrew word with meaning. The first letter of the Hebrew alphabet is called the aleph, which means "ox," The tenth letter is called the yud or yad meaning "hand" and the sixteenth letter is the ayin, a word meaning "eye." Dr. Gardiner found that the letters in these ancient Sinaitic inscriptions were pictures of the very names of the Hebrew letters. The image of an ox head was the letter aleph, the image of the hand was the letter yad and the image of an eye was the letter ayin. This relationship between the pictograph and the names of the Semitic letters, Dr. Gardiner proposed, proved that this was the precursor to the previously known Phoenician/old hebrew alphabet. Once it was determined that the new script was Semitic, Dr. Gardiner, in 1916, was able to translate a portion of one inscription. This inscription includes the letters lamed, beyt, ayin, lamed and tav, which for the Semitic word l'b'alt, meaning "to the lady." In 1999, John and Deborah Darnell were surveying ancient travel routes in the deserts of southern Egypt when they came upon another set of inscriptions very similar to the Sinaitic inscriptions found by Petrie. -------------------------- Credits Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Music: Callen Clark Photos: John Melzian, Bruce Zukerman, Marilyn Lundberg
A History of Hebrew Part 9: Dating the Semitic Alphabet
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content. -------------------------- The inscriptions discovered in the past century and a half, have been accurately dated through the advances of archeology. The original Semitic alphabet with its pictographic letters, can be divided into three periods. The early Semitic alphabet existed between the 20th and 12th centuries BC. However, note that the 20th century date is based on the oldest inscriptions found thus far and it is possible that future discoveries may push the date of the Semitic alphabet back even farther into history. The middle Semitic alphabet, the phoenician and old Hebrew, was in use between the 10th and 4th century BC. The late Semitic alphabet, the square aramaic script, was in use between 5th century BC and into modern times with the modern Hebrew alphabet that is used to this day. Early Semitic Inscriptions To date, the Wadi El-Hol inscriptions found in southern Egypt, are the oldest Semitic inscriptions found and date to between the 19th and 20th centuries BC. The Sinaitic inscriptions from the Sinai penninsula date to about the 15th century BC. Middle Semitic Inscriptions The Elah Valley Fortress, Tel-Zayit abecedary and the gezer calendar are dated to about the 10th century BC. Between the 12th and 10th centuries BC, the Greek alphabet used the same middle semitic script. The Mesha Stele (or Moabite stone) and the Ammonite inscriptions found in Jordan date to about the 9th century BC. The Siloam inscription from Hezekiah's tunnel and the Tel-Dan inscription which mentions the "house of David," date to about the 8th century BC. The Lachish inscriptions date to the 6th century BC and the Sarcophagus discovered in 1852 in Sidon dates to the 5th century BC. Late Semitic Inscriptions The majority of the scrolls from the Dead Sea Caves are written in the late semitic script and date to between the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. A few of the scrolls found in the dead sea caves, such as the Leviticus scroll, uses the middle semitic script showing that the script did not fall out of use completely. The letters from General Simon Bar Kockba in 135 AD during the second Jewish revolt against Rome were written in Hebrew with the late semitic script. The late Semitic script continued to be used for the works of the Talmud, the Masoretic Hebrew Bible as well the printed Hebrew Bibles of today. -------------------------- Credits Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Music: Jason Emory
A History of Hebrew Part 10: The Hebrew Root System
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content.
--------------------------
Like a tree with its roots, trunk, branches and leaves, the Hebrew language is a system of roots and words, where one word, and its meaning is the foundation to a number of other words whose spelling and meaning are related back to that one root. As an example, the root M-L-K (melekh) means "rule." This root can be used as a verb meaning to rule, or as a noun meaning a ruler, or king. Other nouns are created out of this root by adding other letters. By adding the letter Hey to the end of the root, the word malkah is formed which is a female ruler, a queen. By adding a Vav to this feminine noun, the word malukhah is formed meaning "royalty." By adding the letters vav-tav to the end of the root, the noun malkut is formed meaning the area ruled by the ruler, the kingdom. By studying the relationship between words and their roots we can better understand the meanings of these words within their original context. Let's take 3 English words found in English translations of the Bible; Maiden, Eternity and Secret. These three words are, from our interpretation, three very unrelated words. But let us examine the Hebrew words behind these translations. The Hebrew word for maiden is Almah, for eternity is Olam and the word for secret is Tealmah. Each of these words share the same three letters; The Ayin, the Lamed and the Mem. Each of these words are related as they come from the same root A-L-M. Rather than perceiving them as different and independent words, we need to recognize that there meanings are related. By interpreting these words in context of their root relationship, we are able to uncover their original meanings. The root A-L-M literally means beyond the horizon, that hazy distance that is difficult to see. By extension it means to be out of sight, hidden from view. Almah is the young woman that is hidden away (protected) in the home. Olam is a place or time that is in the far distance and is hidden to us. Tealmah is a something that is hidden away. Besides being able to find the common meaning in different words of the same root, we are also able to distinguish between different meanings of words that come from different roots. There are two Hebrew words translated as "moon." One is yere'ahh which comes from a root meaning "to follow a prescribed path" and is therefore used for the motion of the moon. The other is lavanah which comes from a root meaning "to be white" and is therefore used for its bright appearance.
--------------------------
Narrator: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Music: Callen Clark, Desert City by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Photos: Merritt College, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Gerrit Gillespie
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content.
--------------------------
All Hebrew linguists recognize that most Hebrew words are derived from a triliteral (or three letter) root. However, there are some linguists who have suggested that these triliteral roots are themselves derived out of a Biliteral (or two letter) root. Rabbi Matityahu Clark, in his book "Etymological Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew," records and organizes Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch's commentaries of the Bible which relate to the Hebrew language. Rabbi Clark stated; The second major analytical tool in the Hirsch system we will call Gradational Variants. This involves five special consonants: aleph, hey, vav, yud and nun. These consonants play a special role with respect to roots whose third consonant is identical with the second The new root form does not change the basic meaning of the original root, but adds some nuances of meaning. Rabbi Clark then provides many of examples of these "Gradational Variants" including; The triliteral root tsarar which means "forcing, constraining, oppressing." As mentioned, the second and third consonants are identical, the letter resh. The Gradiant Variants of tsarar are; Natsar - guarding or protecting, Yatsar - forming or creating, and Tsur - fencing or enclosing. The meaning of the triliteral root radad is a "flattening down or submitting totally." The Gradiant Variants are; Radah - ruling over or having dominion over, Yarad - going down, Rud - humbling Wilhelm Gesenius, one of the greatest Hebrew scholars of all time, wrote in his book "Gesinius Hebrew Grammar," "...a large number of triliteral stems really point to a biliteral base, which may be properly called a root, since it forms the starting-point for several triliteral modifications of the same fundamental idea." Gesinius then cites the following example; The biliteral root ?? is the root of ???, ???, ???, ???, each being related to the idea of "digging." Another example he provides is the biliteral root ??, the root of ???, ???, ???, ???, each being related to the idea of striking or breaking. Edward Horowitz states in his book "How the Hebrew Language Grew," "Scholars are fairly convinced that back of these three lettered roots lie old primitive two-lettered syllables. These two-lettered syllables represent some simple primitive action or thing. It does seem quite clear that there existed a bi-literal or two-letter base for many, if not most, of our three lettered roots."
--------------------------
Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Music: Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
A History of Hebrew Part 12: The Alphabet and Language Connection
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content.
--------------------------
When we wish to find the definition of an English word we go to a dictionary. While this is also true with Hebrew words, there are additional methods of determining the meaning of a Hebrew word. One such method, which has been previously demonstrated, is to examine its roots which provide additional insight into that word. Another method is to examine the meaning of the letters used to write that word. Each biliteral, or parent, root is composed of two letters and these two letters in themselves provide meaning to the word. The Hebrew word av, is spelled aleph-beyt. The word aleph means "ox." The ox, and this letter, represents the idea of "strength." In the original pictographic script this letter was an image of an Ox head. The word beyt means tent, or house. The tent, and this letter, represents the idea of "home." In the original pictographic script the beyt was an image of the nomadic Hebrews tent. This image includes the entrance and the wall inside that separates the men's side from the women's side. When the meanings of these two letters are combined we have the meaning "the strength of the home" and descriptive of "the father." The Hebrew word BN is spelled beyt-nun. As we have just found, this letter represents the home. The word nun means "seed," but also represents the idea of "continuing." In the original pictographic script the nun is an image of a seed. The seed is produced from the plant to "continue" the lineage to the next generation. When the meaning of these two letters are combined we have the meaning "the home continues" and is descriptive of a "son," the meaning of the Hebrew word BN. The Hebrew word AM is spelled aleph-mem. As demonstrated, the aleph represents strength. The Hebrew word mayim (which mem comes from) means "water." In the original pictographic script the mem is a picture of "water."When combined these two letters mean "strong water" which is "glue." The Hebrew word AM means "mother" who is the "glue" of the family. The Hebrew word AL is spelled aleph-lamed. The aleph represents strength. In the original script the lamed is a picture of a shepherd staff and represents "authority." The Hebrew word AL, from its pictographs, mean "the strong authority" and is the Hebrew word for God. The implication of this relationship between the meanings of Hebrew words and the letters, is that the words and letters form a dependent symbiotic relationship. If this relationship is true, it means that the Hebrew vocabulary and alphabet were formed together and did not evolve independently over a long period of time. For this reason, most scholars reject this symbiotic relationship.
--------------------------
Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Footage: Uri Harel (God's Learning Channel) Music: Callen Clark
A History of Hebrew Part 13: The Culture and Language Connection
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content.
--------------------------
A culture is so closely tied to its language that if you change one, you change the other. Benjamin Lee Whorf stated, in what has become known as the Whorf hypothesis, that; language is not simply a way of voicing ideas, but is the very thing which shapes those ideas. An example of this is how one perceives of time. In our modern western culture we view time in the sense of the past, present and future, a fixed and measurable progression time. Other cultures, such as the Hopi Indians of North America, do not share this same perspective of time. To the Hopis, there is what is (manifested) and what is not yet (unmanifested). Interestingly, the Ancient Hebrews had a similar view of time. Like the Hopi language, the Ancient Hebrew language does not use past, present and future tenses for verbs. Instead they use two tenses, one for a complete action (manifested) and one for an incomplete action (unmanifested). An individual, whose native language is Hopi, views time from the Hopi perspective, but if he is required to adopt English he learns the English perspective of time. During the late 1800s, the United States forced the native Americans to adopt the English language. When a Hopi no longer functions within his native language, the original cultural perspectives, such as time, is lost and replaced with the modern western perspective of time. This same shift in perspectives can be seen in the Ancient Hebrew vocabulary. In Numbers 15:38 we read; Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, make tsiytsiyt on the corners of your garments The Hebrew word tsiytsiyt is a noun derived from the word tsiyts. A tsiyts is the "blossom" of a tree which will becomes the fruit. The tsiytsiyt then is a blossom, not in appearance, but in function. The function of the tsiytsiyt is to be a reminder to the wearer to produce fruit, fruit being the observance of the commands as stated in verse 39; and they will see them and remember all the commandments of Yahweh. Therefore, the word tsiytsiyt carries with it a cultural perspective which connects the blossoms of a tree with the performance of a commandment. This Hebrew language continued to function as the Jewish peoples native language until their removal from the land after the Bar Kockba revolt in 135 AD, at which time they were dispersed into many different nations. While the Jewish people continued to use the Hebrew language from then until now, it was relegated to their religious lives alone and the language of the people around them, quite often this was Greek, was adopted as the language for everyday use. At this point, Greek becomes the influential language in their life and their perspectives of words and ideas are now determined by this dominant language. A tsiytsiyt is now associated with the Greek word kraspedon, which is defined as a decorative fringe or thread, changing their perception of what a tsiytsiyt is. It is no longer a blossom, but simply a decorative fringe. This same shift in perception occurred each time a new language was adopted, whether it was Spanish, German or English. In 1948 Israel became a Jewish state and with that Hebrew once again became the everyday language of the Jewish people. While the language had been resurrected, the original cultural perspective of that language had disappeared long ago and the Western influence on that language survived. Therefore, a tsiytsiyt, in the mind of modern Orthodox Jews, is still a decorative fringe and no longer functionally related to a blossom. This same change can be seen throughout the Hebrew language. Torah in the original Ancient Hebrew language meant a Journey, but in the modern Hebrew language it is a Doctrine. The word Kohen meant a base of the Community, and now a Religious Priest. The word Qadosh originally meant special, but now Holy.
------------------------------
Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Photos: Jastrow, Pradique, Jorge Barrios Footage: Brad Scott (www.wildbranch.org) Music: Callen Clark
This is the introduction to a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content. --------------------------- The Hebrew Bible, called the Old Testament by Christians and the Tenach by Jews, is an Ancient Near Eastern text, which was written millennia ago within a time and culture that is vastly different from our own. The authors perspectives on life and the world around them is steeped with their own traditions, lifestyles, manners and thoughts. When reading and studying this text we can not interject our own cultural perspectives into the text, to do so would bring about interpretations and conclusions that are far removed from the authors intended meaning. Let's take the concepts of the past and the future to demonstrate how important it is to recognize that Biblical concepts are sometimes the opposite of our own. We perceive of the past as behind us and the future as before us. The Hebrew word for the past is temul and the word for the future is mahher. Temul means "in front" while mahher means "behind" And therefore in Hebraic thought the past is in front of you and the future is behind you. Why did the Ancient Hebrews perceive of time in this way? Because the past is known, it is laid out in front of you to see. while the future is not known and is therefore hidden behind you. We will be examining the Hebrew alphabet, language, philosophy and culture to uncover the evidence that supports a perspective of these ancient Near Eastern texts that is very different from the way they are normally perceived and we will dig into the deeper meanings of these texts from an ancient perspective. --------------------------- Credits Narration: Jeff A. Benner Music: Callen Clark, Jason Emory Video Footage: Francesco Dazzi (http://www.flickr.com/photos/checco/), Rabbi Ayla Grafstein Photos: Daniel Tibi, Hamed Samir, Philipp Roelli
Archeological discoveries that have revealed that many of the people in the Bible are in fact, real and historical figures, proving that the Bible is, at least in part, an historical document.
An exercise in Textual Criticism. An examination of Isaiah 7:14 from the Masoretic text, Isaiah scroll and the Septuagint. Also an examination of Isaiah 9:6 from the King James Version, the Masoretic text and the Isaiah scroll.
An exercise in Textual Criticism. An examination of Isaiah 7:14 from the Masoretic text, Isaiah scroll and the Septuagint. Also an examination of Isaiah 9:6 from the King James Version, the Masoretic text and the Isaiah scroll. For another video on Isaiah 9:6 see Yarutchka's at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QA5v5o4H5U&feature=channel_page
This is an excerpt from my seminar lecture "The Four Stages of Biblical Transmission" that demonstrates how errors have crept into the KJV and other translations. The King James Version of the Bible, along with other translations, use the Masoretic (Hebrew) and Septuagint (Greek translation) texts as its foundation for its translation. However, both the Masoretic and Septuagint texts contain verifiable errors. These errors are then perpetuated into any translation that uses these texts. While the KJV proponents reject the new translations, many of these newer translations have had access to sources such as the Dead Sea Scrolls that were not available to the older translations. These recently discovered texts will sometimes provide a more accurate text that better matches the original autographs. The process of comparing the various ancient manuscripts of the original language (such as the Masoretic text, Dead Sea Scrolls, Samaritan Pentetuch, etc.) and translations (such as the Greek Septuagint, Aramaic Targums, etc) is called Textual Criticism. This process helps us to better reconstruct a Bible text that is closer to the original. Also see my Challenge to KJVonlyers at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFaLQEsLq4M
El paraiso - El jardin del Eden (???) Es posible ubicarlo?
En la Torah, en el libro de Bereshith se indica que el Edén es un huerto o jardín que habría existido (al oriente), indicando su existencia en una región que se hallaría en el Oriente Medio. Igualmente se dice que de él salía un río que se dividía en cuatro, llamados: Río Pisón, que se dice, rodeó toda la tierra de Havila; El río Gihón, que habría rodeado toda la tierra de Cus; El río Tigris (Hidekel), que iría al oriente de Asiria; Y el río Éufrates.
Scientific discoveries prove the Bible is real history
The science of archaeology has done much to confirm Biblical history and help us to understand the customs, culture and circumstances in Bible times. It has authenticated the ancient books of the Old and New Testament in many ways. It has shown the uniqueness of the Bible in its overwhelming accuracy compared to all other ancient writings. Proof of the Bible is not dependent on archaeology or any other scientific evidence. The Bible has the capacity to defend itself, and to give its positive message to those who seek God through its pages. Nevertheless, archaeology has done a great deal to restore confidence in the Bible as the revealed Word of God. It has thrown a great deal of light on previously obscure passages, and has helped us to understand customs, culture, and background in many ways that seemed most unlikely to our fathers in a previous generation. Narrator Ravi Zacharias quotes William Blake: "We now learn to listen with our eyes and think with our feelings. . . . We are meant to see through the eye, with the conscience; when we start seeing with the eye devoid of the conscience, all kinds of belief can invade your imagination." This life's dim windows of the soul Distorts the heavens from pole to pole And leads you to believe a lie When you see with, not through, the eye.
A History of Hebrew Part 14: The Agricultural aspect of the Hebrew Language
This is a segment of a much larger video production that I am working on and am looking for feedback (positive and negative) on the layout and content.
--------------------------
The Ancient Hebrews were nomadic agriculturalists who migrated from pasture to pasture, watering hole to watering hole. Their entire lives were spent in the wilderness and this lifestyle had a significant effect on their language. Some Hebrew words are obviously related to this agricultural lifestyle. For example, The Hebrew word ohel is a tent. Ro'eh is a shepherd and qatsir is a harvest Besides these obvious agricultural words, many other words, which we would not relate to agriculture, are in fact rooted in some aspect of the Nomadic culture. For instance, the Hebrew word hhen, usually translated as grace, is related to an Oasis, a place of beauty, rest and comfort. From the word hhen come the words mahhaneh meaning "camp," often pitched at an oasis and Hhaniyt meaning "spear," which is a tent pole that doubles as a spear. Some other words include Torah, often translated as law, but more literally means a journey. The word mitsvah, often translated as command, is the direction one is to take on the journey. Tsadiyq, often translated as righteous is the traveling on the path and Rasha, often translated as wicked means lost from the path.
--------------------------
Narration: Jeff A. Benner Graphics: Jeff A. Benner Photos: Ed Brambley Footage: Brad Scott (www.wildbranch.org), Ruán Magan (www.manchan.com) Music: Kevin MacLeod (http://incompetech.com/m/c/royalty-free/)
Because we belong to Greco-Roman Western culture, our view of the Biblical text is different than that of the authors, who are from a Semitic-Hebrew culture, of the Bible. These two cultural philosophies are as different as night is from day. This is an introduction to a series that I will be doing titled - Hebrew Word Studies. This series is designed to help the English reader learn how to use their Bible in conjunction with a concordance to find the Hebrew concrete meaning behind the English translations. Downloadble E-Sword http://www.e-sword.net More on Hebrew Thought vs. Greek http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/12_thought.html
" Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful." (KJV) In this video we will look into the poetry and vocabulary of this verse from an Hebraic perspective. Also, for those learning Hebrew, a word by word examination of the Hebrew text of this verse.
"But his delight is in the law of the LORD; and in his law doth he meditate day and night." (KJV) In this video we will look into the poetry and vocabulary of this verse from an Hebraic perspective. Also, for those learning Hebrew, a word by word examination of the Hebrew text of this verse.
An examination of Genesis 3:15 and its Hebrew grammar to reveal the literal meaning which is in contrast to the accepted translations. For additional information on the Mechanical Translation project see http://www.mechanical-translation.org.
An examination of the King James Version of the Bible and its consistency, or inconsistency, with the Hebrew text behind the translation. For additional information on the Mechanical Translation project see http://www.mechanical-translation.org.
Ancient Hebrew words, phrases, ideas and concepts are rooted in the concrete, unlike our own modern Western language uses abstracts. While the Hebrew Bible uses concrete perspectives, translations frequently replace them with abstract perspectives. For additional information on the Mechanical Translation project see http://www.mechanical-translation.org.
MTHB Part 4 - A Mechanical Translation of the Book of Genesis
A demonstration of the unique qualities of the Mechanical Translation of Genesis and how to use it for Biblical interpretation and learning Hebrew. For additional information on the Mechanical Translation project see http://www.mechanical-translation.org.
An Ancient Hebrew look at the second word in Genesis 1:1 - Bara. While usually translated as "create," we will see that this Hebrew word has a much "fatter" meaning-pun intended :-)
The fourth Hebrew word in Genesis 1:1, but is never translated. This word identifies the definite (I mistakenly used the word "direct" in the video) object of a verb.
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario